Population Decline Ranking (2020→2050)
Projected population change from 2020 to 2050 (IPSS 2023 projection). Lower (more negative) means a steeper decline.
Aging Ranking: Share Aged 65+ (2020)
Share of population aged 65 and over at the 2020 Population Census. Higher means a more aged population.
Population Growth Ranking (2020→2050)
Projected population change from 2020 to 2050 (IPSS 2023 projection). Higher means stronger projected growth.
Akiya (Vacant Home) Rate Ranking (2023)
Vacancy (akiya) rate by municipality from the 2023 Housing and Land Survey. Note: includes secondary homes, so resort areas run high.
Private Rent Ranking (2023, per m²)
Private rental rent per m² (2023 Housing and Land Survey). Higher means a higher rent level.
Net Migration Ranking (latest year)
Net migration (inflow minus outflow) from the Basic Resident Register. Positive means net inflow.
Share Aged 0–14 Ranking (2020)
Share of population aged 0–14 at the 2020 Census — a proxy for the concentration of child-rearing households.
2025 Actual Population Decline Ranking (2020→2025)
Actual population change from 2020 to 2025 (2025 Census preliminary). Actual figures, not a projection.
Municipalities Above / Below Projection (2025 Census preliminary)
Gap between the IPSS 2025 projection and the 2025 Census preliminary actual. Positive means the actual exceeded the projection.
Highest Average Income Ranking (FY2023)
Taxable income per taxpayer (FY2023) from the municipal tax survey. Per taxpayer, not per resident. Higher means a higher income level.
Lowest Average Income Ranking (FY2023)
Taxable income per taxpayer (FY2023) from the municipal tax survey. Per taxpayer, not per resident. Sorted from the lowest.
Highest Rent-to-Income Ranking (2023)
Annual private rent for 50m² as a share of taxable income per taxpayer. Higher means rent is heavier relative to local income. Composite of the 2023 Housing & Land Survey and the FY2023 municipal tax survey.
Most Affordable Rent-to-Income Ranking (2023)
Annual private rent for 50m² as a share of taxable income per taxpayer. Lower means rent is more affordable relative to local income. Composite of the 2023 Housing & Land Survey and the FY2023 municipal tax survey.
Strongest Municipal Finances Ranking (FY2021)
Financial Capability Index (zaiseiryoku-shisu, FY2021). Above 1.0 roughly corresponds to a municipality that receives no ordinary central grants. Higher means stronger self-funded finances. Tokyo's 23 special wards are excluded.
Weakest Municipal Finances Ranking (FY2021)
Financial Capability Index (zaiseiryoku-shisu, FY2021). Lower means weaker self-funded finances and higher reliance on central grants. Tokyo's 23 special wards are excluded.